Advertising and pricing technology is moving past banner ads and coupon mailers. Grocery shelves in more and more locations are running on software that can reprice a product in seconds, browsers are building profiles of you that don’t rely on cookies, and the store itself has become an advertising platform. None of this requires you to click anything.

• Walmart, Kroger, and Whole Foods have all been replacing paper shelf tags with electronic shelf labels (ESLs), small digital screens that update prices from a central system instead of an employee walking the aisles with a price gun. Walmart is aiming to have the labels in roughly half of its more than 4,500 U.S. stores by the end of this year.

• Are they really tracking you and repricing as you browse? The retailers say the technology is about efficiency, not manipulation. Employees can lower prices on the spot but can’t raise them, and a Walmart spokesperson said the labels have no camera, no microphone, and don’t interact with shoppers at all. Several states are banning the use of personal data to set individualized grocery prices and puts a one-year moratorium on installing new electronic shelf labels.

• And online, Chrome and Safari have phased out third-party cookies, while much of the ad industry shifted to browser “fingerprinting,” a technique that identifies a device by combining details like screen resolution, installed fonts, time zone, and even typing rhythm into a unique profile. Unlike a cookie, a fingerprint isn’t stored as a file on your device, so clearing your browser history or using a private window doesn’t remove it.